The standard lever is often put forward; however, one can wonder whether it is not the interpretation of it or sometimes the lack of meticulous reading more than the standards themselves which is the cause of these phenomena.
The writing of the current standards, according to the FCI template, should not be able to lead to hypertypes, it is all about valuation and balance from the various players of the dog world.
Tools other than standards are clearly available to fight against hypertypes, the authors will only enounce them without developing.
Dogs, hypertype, standards, selection, cynology. Over reaching trot is said to be such gait and this point of view is shared by some judges specialised in the breed and criticised by others.
The argument in favour of this view is simple: It means that in order to cover the datum distance the dog has to perform fewer steps and so it gets tired less.
We had wondered at this problem and made the research. We would like to share the results of this study accomplished from the Golden section perspective.
The Golden section is known to be a universal form building principle of harmony, which gives to corresponding forms the perfection of the structure and the optimal values of the functions that aroused these forms to life.
In the frame work of our we consider the German Shepherd of such a structure that would satisfy the aesthetic needs of specialists on the one side, and at the same time the dog would be able to run long distances with minimal energy expenditure.
Using BMD in judging allows judges apply the above mentioned reference points to verify their visual impressions; in return, it increases the objectivity of qualification given to the dogs when judging.
This is the most important fundamental principle. It is based on three numbers 1, 1, 2 - the first three figures of the Fibonacci Series.
The principle of the right angle of the pendulum provides primary balance of the limbs angulations and creates the preconditions for the equality of the step length of the front limbs FL and of the rear limbs RL , i.
The shoulder joint SJ and the hip joint HJ are on a horizontal line; as well as the elbow joint EJ and the knee joint KJ are on the other horizontal line.
The principle of two horizontals prevents the appearance of a dog which rump is higher than his withers both in standing and in movement.
The elbow joint of the dog EJ is under the withers, and the knee joint KJ is placed under the root of the tail when viewed from the side.
The principle of two vertical lines makes it possible to optimise the angles of the SJs and HJs, due to the fact that the slopes and lengths of the humerus and femur have maximum value from physiological perspective with such a structure.
Equally important that this principle underlies the formation of a movable support in the form of two pairs of joints, which are located exactly under the spinal column endings and mitigate the blows at the moments of jumps and falls.
This principle called the convergent powers principle provides the most persistent support of the dog in the given phase of movement.
The body length of the dog in correct standing is equal to the distance between its front legs FL and rear legs RL , measured from the side of the hind led placed behind with a vertical rear pastern.
This principle promotes the equality of the FL and RL steps and the movement balance due to the fact that the body of the dog extends forward relatively to the front and rear supports at the same distance.
Harmoniousness of the dog depends on the following proportions; the proportions are equal to the Golden Section each. In so doing the dog is evaluated in the correct standing.
Harmonic Proportion HP1 The chest depth versus the spine length from the withers start to the tail root. HP2 The chest length versus the length of the body.
The length of the body is measured from the anterior prominence of the sternum to the tuber of the ischium; at the same time the length of the chest is determined as part of the body length ending with the posterior edge of the last rib.
HP 3 Body length versus the length of the diameter of the dog. The diameter refers to length of a projection to the vertical plane parallel to the longitudinal axes of the body of a straight line between the occiput and the foot of hind leg placed behind with a vertical rear pastern.
HP4 The height in the elbow versus the sum of the head and the neck lengths. As for most breeds, the elbow joint divides the height at the withers in half, then in the proportion GP4, the height at the elbow He can be replaced by the depth of the chest Dch.
HP5 The girth of the muzzle versus the girth of the skull. In the case when the anatomical sections of the spine are divided in a ratio of 2: If the elbow joint is on the length equal to the half of height in withers, and the scapula and humerus are of equal length and slope, than the ratio 2: Moreover, in accordance with the principle of two horizontals, the 2 nd horizontal line passes through the hip joint HJ , and the 3 rd horizontal line passes through the knee joint KJ.
In this case, we may say that the dog outline definitely fits into the GHN, and its build vertically and horizontally is determined by the ratio of 2: The following data is statistically confirmed: Let us now return to the beginning of the article and ask ourselves, how can we lengthen the steps of the dog and to what extend?
At the common sense level, it is obvious that this elongation is facilitated by the body lengthening, which correspond to the more pronounced angulations.
They become more open when unbending, that, in its turn , leads to longer steps. Let us consider this in more detail and imagine that in addition to the elongated body the dog has longer top line due to more sloping sacrum while maintaining the entire spinal column ratio of 2: Pelvis bones become more obliquely, both ilium and ischium.
This follows from obvious considerations. The upper thigh of the hind leg placed behind normally forms the perpendicular to the ischium, and the upper thigh of the hind leg placed under the body forms the perpendicular to the ilium.
This ensures the most economical dynamics of the extensor muscles attached to the ischial bones and flexor muscles attached to the iliac bones.
Otherwise we would have the acute angle of SJ and the dog would have had to expend excessive effort to unbend such a joint.
Now let us pay attention to the fact that the depth of the chest at the given lengthening of the topline remains the same, which means that the value of HP1 decreased.
Although the absolute lengths of the shoulder blades and upper arms remained the same, their relative lengths versus the lengthened topline decreased.
In this case, the opening of the SL angle, even if the angle is correct, results in the following: Consider the changes occurred on the other part.
The ends of the humerus and femur lie on two horizontal lines the principle of two horizontals retains!
Of course, we should not welcome the deterioration of the SL angle, but now it becomes clear that this deterioration is a consequence of the excessive HJ angle, which results in excessive rear angulations.
This is the first answer to the question, to what extend can or need? Let us now return to the question devoted to the adequate length of the FL step and how it may be ensured if the humeroscapular joint opening is not the solution of the issue.
The conclusion here can be the only one: We approached to this question from a practical point of view, on the sample of 11 German Shepherds, to a large extent random; we measured the dogs provided for their compliance with BMD, HMD, and GHN.
You can see the corresponding table: Since the topline is divided by anatomical sections in a ratio of 2: It means that the head and the neck are now extended forward for a shorter distance than the front leg when the dog makes a step.
We were faced with the fact that the format elongation in order to lengthen the steps of German Shepherd had led to the fact that the depth of its body decreased, i.
How is this fact consistent with endurance of German Shepherd that should has a large lungs capacity? Das Ende der schwarzen Serien?
Club unterliegt BVB 0: Mit positiver Energie ins "Duell auf Augenhöhe" Wiedergutmachung geglückt: Starke Leistungen — schwache Ergebnisse.
Frankfurt gleicht in der Nachspielzeit aus Stimmen zum Spiel: Die eigene Stärke als Erfolgsrezept Teamcheck Frankfurt: Englische Woche mit Happy End?
Intensiv, aggressiv, wegweisend Süd-Klassiker: Die Hütte wird voll! Viel Qualität, wenig Ertrag. Club steht im Achtelfinale Stimmen zum Spiel: Eiskalte Elfmeterhelden Teamcheck Rostock: Erstes Testspiel, erster Sieg.
Club schlägt auch Seligenporten.
Using BMD in judging allows judges apply the above mentioned reference points to verify their visual impressions; in return, it increases the objectivity of qualification given to the dogs when judging.
This is the most important fundamental principle. It is based on three numbers 1, 1, 2 - the first three figures of the Fibonacci Series.
The principle of the right angle of the pendulum provides primary balance of the limbs angulations and creates the preconditions for the equality of the step length of the front limbs FL and of the rear limbs RL , i.
The shoulder joint SJ and the hip joint HJ are on a horizontal line; as well as the elbow joint EJ and the knee joint KJ are on the other horizontal line.
The principle of two horizontals prevents the appearance of a dog which rump is higher than his withers both in standing and in movement.
The elbow joint of the dog EJ is under the withers, and the knee joint KJ is placed under the root of the tail when viewed from the side.
The principle of two vertical lines makes it possible to optimise the angles of the SJs and HJs, due to the fact that the slopes and lengths of the humerus and femur have maximum value from physiological perspective with such a structure.
Equally important that this principle underlies the formation of a movable support in the form of two pairs of joints, which are located exactly under the spinal column endings and mitigate the blows at the moments of jumps and falls.
This principle called the convergent powers principle provides the most persistent support of the dog in the given phase of movement.
The body length of the dog in correct standing is equal to the distance between its front legs FL and rear legs RL , measured from the side of the hind led placed behind with a vertical rear pastern.
This principle promotes the equality of the FL and RL steps and the movement balance due to the fact that the body of the dog extends forward relatively to the front and rear supports at the same distance.
Harmoniousness of the dog depends on the following proportions; the proportions are equal to the Golden Section each.
In so doing the dog is evaluated in the correct standing. Harmonic Proportion HP1 The chest depth versus the spine length from the withers start to the tail root.
HP2 The chest length versus the length of the body. The length of the body is measured from the anterior prominence of the sternum to the tuber of the ischium; at the same time the length of the chest is determined as part of the body length ending with the posterior edge of the last rib.
HP 3 Body length versus the length of the diameter of the dog. The diameter refers to length of a projection to the vertical plane parallel to the longitudinal axes of the body of a straight line between the occiput and the foot of hind leg placed behind with a vertical rear pastern.
HP4 The height in the elbow versus the sum of the head and the neck lengths. As for most breeds, the elbow joint divides the height at the withers in half, then in the proportion GP4, the height at the elbow He can be replaced by the depth of the chest Dch.
HP5 The girth of the muzzle versus the girth of the skull. In the case when the anatomical sections of the spine are divided in a ratio of 2: If the elbow joint is on the length equal to the half of height in withers, and the scapula and humerus are of equal length and slope, than the ratio 2: Moreover, in accordance with the principle of two horizontals, the 2 nd horizontal line passes through the hip joint HJ , and the 3 rd horizontal line passes through the knee joint KJ.
In this case, we may say that the dog outline definitely fits into the GHN, and its build vertically and horizontally is determined by the ratio of 2: The following data is statistically confirmed: Let us now return to the beginning of the article and ask ourselves, how can we lengthen the steps of the dog and to what extend?
At the common sense level, it is obvious that this elongation is facilitated by the body lengthening, which correspond to the more pronounced angulations.
They become more open when unbending, that, in its turn , leads to longer steps. Let us consider this in more detail and imagine that in addition to the elongated body the dog has longer top line due to more sloping sacrum while maintaining the entire spinal column ratio of 2: Pelvis bones become more obliquely, both ilium and ischium.
This follows from obvious considerations. The upper thigh of the hind leg placed behind normally forms the perpendicular to the ischium, and the upper thigh of the hind leg placed under the body forms the perpendicular to the ilium.
This ensures the most economical dynamics of the extensor muscles attached to the ischial bones and flexor muscles attached to the iliac bones.
Otherwise we would have the acute angle of SJ and the dog would have had to expend excessive effort to unbend such a joint. Now let us pay attention to the fact that the depth of the chest at the given lengthening of the topline remains the same, which means that the value of HP1 decreased.
Although the absolute lengths of the shoulder blades and upper arms remained the same, their relative lengths versus the lengthened topline decreased.
In this case, the opening of the SL angle, even if the angle is correct, results in the following: Consider the changes occurred on the other part.
The ends of the humerus and femur lie on two horizontal lines the principle of two horizontals retains! Of course, we should not welcome the deterioration of the SL angle, but now it becomes clear that this deterioration is a consequence of the excessive HJ angle, which results in excessive rear angulations.
This is the first answer to the question, to what extend can or need? Let us now return to the question devoted to the adequate length of the FL step and how it may be ensured if the humeroscapular joint opening is not the solution of the issue.
The conclusion here can be the only one: We approached to this question from a practical point of view, on the sample of 11 German Shepherds, to a large extent random; we measured the dogs provided for their compliance with BMD, HMD, and GHN.
You can see the corresponding table: Since the topline is divided by anatomical sections in a ratio of 2: It means that the head and the neck are now extended forward for a shorter distance than the front leg when the dog makes a step.
We were faced with the fact that the format elongation in order to lengthen the steps of German Shepherd had led to the fact that the depth of its body decreased, i.
How is this fact consistent with endurance of German Shepherd that should has a large lungs capacity? Carry out some simple calculations.
Let the height at withers is 4 arbitrary units a. The back length is 1. However, the ribs are shortened toward the abdomen.
Therefore, if in the profile instead of the real chest to calculate its capacity, we consider a rectangle whose sides are equal to the length of the back and the depth of the chest, its capacity the width of the chest remains the same can be considered approximately equal to the capacity of the real chest.
Let us return to the case of greater loftiness. Rather often the creeping trot is believed to be the typical gate for GSH. This is not correct.
Movement of creeping trot begins with an advanced step of the fore limb, which takes on a significant part of the dog weight on lending and greatly facilitates the load of the hind limb in the support phase.
Not less important that at the time of the forelimb advancing step, the body is located fairly low above the ground.
These phenomena distinguish the creeping trot from all other gaits. Mehr als ein Unentschieden Frank Baumann: Der Club holt den ersten Sieg!
Das Ende der schwarzen Serien? Club unterliegt BVB 0: Mit positiver Energie ins "Duell auf Augenhöhe" Wiedergutmachung geglückt: Starke Leistungen — schwache Ergebnisse.
Frankfurt gleicht in der Nachspielzeit aus Stimmen zum Spiel: Die eigene Stärke als Erfolgsrezept Teamcheck Frankfurt: Englische Woche mit Happy End?
Intensiv, aggressiv, wegweisend Süd-Klassiker: Die Hütte wird voll! Viel Qualität, wenig Ertrag. Club steht im Achtelfinale Stimmen zum Spiel: Eiskalte Elfmeterhelden Teamcheck Rostock:
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